Sepsis and Bacterial Infections

Bacteria are microscopic single-cell microorganisms (microbes) that are all around us. Most are harmless, and many are helpful. For example, bacteria in your intestines (gut) help break down the food you eat so your body can digest it. However, some types of bacteria can cause bacterial infections, which in turn can cause sepsis.

Sepsis, which was often called blood poisoning, is the body’s life-threatening response to infection. Like strokes or heart attacks, sepsis is a medical emergency that requires rapid diagnosis and treatment.

Suggested Citation:
Sepsis Alliance. Sepsis and Bacterial Infections. 2025. https://www.sepsis.org/sepsisand/bacterial-infections/

Reviewed May 9, 2025.

 

More About Bacterial Infections

Examples

Bacteria must enter your body for them to cause an infection. So you can get a bacterial infection through an opening in your skin, such as a cut, a bug bite, or a surgical wound. Bacteria can also enter your body through your airway and cause infections like bacterial pneumonia. Other types of bacterial infections include urinary tract infections (including bladder and kidney infections) and dental abscesses, as well as infections caused by MRSA, Group B Streptococcus, and C. Difficile. Infections can also occur in open wounds, such as pressure ulcers (bed sores). Pressure ulcers are caused by constant pressure on the skin for extended periods or rubbing. For example, a senior who is bedridden could develop sores on the coccyx (tailbone) area, elbows, heels, or anywhere else where there is constant contact with a bed or adapted “easy chair.”

The name of one type of infection, septic arthritis, may be confusing to some people because it is not sepsis, despite its name. Septic arthritis is an infection in the joint fluid. However, this type of infection can also lead to sepsis. It can be caused by bacteria, as well as other microbes.

Sometimes bacterial infections are “secondary infections.” For example, if you contract COVID-19 – a virus – your body is in a weakened state and could also develop bacterial pneumonia. You would then be fighting both a viral infection and a bacterial one.

Symptoms

Bacterial infections present in many ways, depending on the part of the body affected. If you have bacterial pneumonia, you may experience

  • Fever
  • Cough, with phlegm
  • Shortness of breath
  • Sweating
  • Shaking chills
  • Headache
  • Muscle pain
  • Fatigue
  • Chest pain with breathing

If you have a urinary tract infection, you may have some of these symptoms:

  • Sudden and extreme urges to void (pass urine)
  • Frequent urges to void
  • Burning, irritation, or pain as you void
  • A feeling of not emptying your bladder completely
  • A feeling of pressure in your abdomen or lower back
  • Thick or cloudy urine – it may contain blood
  • Fever

The common element with most bacterial infections are:

  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Pain or discomfort in the affected area

But if the infection is in a joint, that joint and the surrounding area will likely hurt; if you have a sinus infection, you will probably have a headache and foul nasal discharge, and so on.

Prevention

Not all infections can be prevented, but the chances of spreading these infections can be greatly reduced by following these tips:

  • Wash your hands often, particularly if you are in a healthcare facility.
  • Keep wounds clean and covered.
  • Avoid sharing personal items, such as razors.
  • Eat a healthy diet. Malnutrition, not consuming enough nutrients for your needs, can lower your body’s ability to fight
Treatment

Most often, treatment for a bacterial infection is with antibiotics. They could be taken orally (by pill, liquid, or capsule), injection, drops, topical (cream or ointment), or intravenously (by IV). The treatment may be very short, or it could go as long as several weeks, depending on the type of infection and how it reacts to the antibiotics. Sometimes, the infection will not go away, and your doctor may have to try a different type of antibiotic.

Celebrities

Actress Ashley Park was treated for tonsillitis that progressed to sepsis. Other celebrities, like singer Chris Young and radio personality Casey Kasem, developed wound infections. Learn about more celebrities who had sepsis here.

 

Related Resources

Sepsis and Bacterial Infections – Chinese

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Sepsis and Bacterial Infections – Tagalog

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LA SEPSIS Y LAS INFECCIONES DENTALES

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LA SEPSIS Y LAS INFECCIONES BACTERIANAS

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Meningitis

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Cellulitis

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C. difficile

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Appendicitis

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David Blankenship

My father died tragically and unexpectedly of sepsis on March 5th, 2024. It is now September 15th, yet we all feel like it was yesterday. Mom and Daddy lived in Harlingen, Texas. He struggled with Type 2 diabetes and a few other health issues and was always checking his sugar and blood pressure numbers and diligently recording them. After my father died, I moved back to Harlingen to live with my mother. My sister lives in Colorado. On February 25th, a mere 10 days before Daddy died, Mom was scheduled to perform in a pageant. Daddy was going to help ... Read Full Story

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Gary Barrett

I was a healthy active 49 year old, participating in every sport I could find, after feeling unwell for about 10 days with pain and inflammation I went to the doctors I was told I had just pulled a muscle in my side and not to worry. At 1am I woke my wife up to say I could not stand the pain anymore and needed the hospital. She rushed me there and I collapsed at the entrance. I was unconscious for most of the following day, unaware of that I was losing the battle to live. The doctor, who I ... Read Full Story

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Nicole Harpster

2023 was the hardest year ever, I thought at the time. I lost my husband to ALS, in the summer. It was almost a relief to not see him so debilitated, but the sadness was certainly huge. A few months later, some friends took me to Fiji, for some much needed R & R. We had literally been at the resort for an hour and decided to get in the ocean. Immediately I saw the most beautiful blue starfish, and as I reached for it, my foot caught, and I fell on my knees in coral. I knew it was ... Read Full Story

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Emma Stephan

Emma touched countless lives in her short but vibrant 13 years. She was a friend who truly listened, a shoulder to cry on, a mentor to her peers, and the one who could always make you laugh with a perfectly timed joke. She jumped into the pool with the biggest splash, played board games late into the night, and could be found flipping through the air wherever she went. Gymnastics was her passion, but so was adventure—whether it was exploring outside in the snow, traveling to new places, or simply saying “yes” to any opportunity for fun. She loved to ... Read Full Story

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Christine Krzeminski

In October 2022, I was a happily married mother of three young children, all under the age of 10. At the time, I was in good health and actively engaged in various family activities. Although I was feeling slightly unwell, I did not consider it a cause for concern. The next thing I remember is waking up 12 days later in the ICU, where I was informed of my diagnosis: sepsis caused by Haemophilus influenzae. I had developed unexpected abscesses on my legs and experienced significant cognitive impairment due to a brain infection. I later learned that my husband had ... Read Full Story

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Other Topics

Bacterial Infections