Sepsis and Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an infection in the lungs. The infection can be only in one lung, or it can be in both. There are several causes of pneumonia but the most common are:

Left untreated, the infection can be deadly. In the days before antibiotics, it’s estimated that about one-third of those who developed bacterial pneumonia died.

Sepsis and septic shock can result from an infection anywhere in the body, including pneumonia. Pneumonia can be community-acquired, meaning someone develops pneumonia outside of the hospital. Pneumonia can also develop in a hospital or other healthcare facility, caused by a healthcare-associated infection (HAI). HAIs affect 1.7 million hospitalizations in the United States every year. An HAI is an infection contracted by people who are in the hospital for a different reason, such as surgery or treatment for another illness.

Sepsis, which was often called blood poisoning, is the body’s life-threatening response to infection. Like strokes or heart attacks, sepsis is a medical emergency that requires rapid diagnosis and treatment.

Suggested Citation:
Sepsis Alliance. Sepsis and Pneumonia. 2024. https://www.sepsis.org/sepsisand/pneumonia/

Updated January 5, 2024.

 

Funding for this campaign was provided by unrestricted support from Dompé.

More About Pneumonia

Symptoms

Some people can have pneumonia and not know it, but the most common signs and symptoms are:

  • Fever
  • Cough, with phlegm
  • Shortness of breath
  • Sweating
  • Shaking chills
  • Headache
  • Muscle pain
  • Fatigue
  • Chest pain with breathing

You do not have to have all these symptoms to have pneumonia. You may have heard the term “walking pneumonia.” It’s not an official medical term, but it usually means that it is a mild case, producing milder, slower-to-develop symptoms.

Risk Factors

While anyone can develop pneumonia, some people are at higher risk than others. These include those who:

  • Are older
  • Are very young
  • Recently had a cold, influenza, or COVID-19
  • Smoke
  • Have a respiratory illness, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • Were or are exposed to certain inhaled toxins
  • Recently had surgery
  • Are in an intensive care unit
  • Are malnourished
Treatment

Pneumonia treatment depends on the type of infection you have.

Bacterial

Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial pneumonia. The type of antibiotic your doctor would choose depends on the bacteria causing the infection. If you have a prescription for antibiotics, you should finish all the medication, even if you start to feel better. You will begin to feel more like yourself before the infection is completely gone. If you stop the medications before the infection disappears, you could get a more serious pneumonia that can’t be treated as easily.

Viral

Viral pneumonia does not respond to antibiotics; they will not do any good. In general, there isn’t much that can be done for viral pneumonia other than advising that you rest and take in plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. In some cases, doctors may prescribe an anti-viral medication.

Fungal

Medications called anti-fungals treat fungal pneumonia.

Prevention

Sometimes we can prevent pneumonia. If you will have general anesthetic for  surgery, you could be at risk for developing a bacterial pneumonia. To lower the risk, you will be encouraged to get up and out of bed after the procedure, even if you may not feel up to it. If you can’t get up and move around, you will be encouraged to breathe deeply and cough on a regular basis. This is to help keep your lungs clear. You might be given a device called an incentive spirometer. This small device encourages you to take deep breaths, to expand your lungs.

There is a vaccine that can help prevent pneumococcal pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The CDC recommends that all adults over 65 and adults over 18 with certain risk factors receive the vaccine.

There is also a vaccine for children to decrease their risk of developing one of four types of infections, including pneumonia:

  • Meningitis (infection in the brain)
  • Bacteremia (infection in the blood)
  • Otitis media (infection in the middle ear)
  • Pneumonia

Related Resources

Information Guide

LA SEPSIS Y LA NEUMONÍA

  • To submit this form you are required to enter your first name, last name, a valid email address and your role.

Information Guide

Pneumonia

  • To submit this form you are required to enter your first name, last name, a valid email address and your role.

Sarah Cowles

Sarah started her February 16, Friday morning babysitting her youngest grandson for a few hours while my sister had to work. She noticed her stomach was upset a little bit throughout the day. She was familiar with stomach issues and took medication to help with nausea. She was living with diabetes, kidney disease, a blood clotting disorder, and more. She managed well for a 58-year-old woman and joked about her owning her own pharmacy. That afternoon, we decided  to order a pizza since there was a snow storm. By 7pm when it arrived, she suddenly started to vomit very harshly ... Read Full Story

Submit Your StoryView More Stories

Edward Couzens-Lake

Christmas 2022. Covid-19. A bit of a breeze really, similar to having a cold. Considered myself the proverbial tough guy, tested negative by the end of the year. Middle of January 2023, something, clearly, was NOT right. Intense lower back pain, a metallic taste in my mouth and gut that wouldn’t go away and fatigue on a previously unknown basis. Got worse, daily. Dry retching every night, a cough that really felt as if it was to die for. Beginning of Feb 2023. Collapsed at the foot of my mother’s stairs. She said she was calling an ambulance, I said, ... Read Full Story

Submit Your StoryView More Stories

Paul Hoium

On December 10 2023, I started feeling a little short of breath and very tired and weak. Since I also have congestive heart failure, I was monitoring these symptoms closely. Things worsened over the next couple of days until the 12th on which date I realized I could barely breathe and so weak I could barely make it to the phone to call for an ambulance. I remember the firefighters lifting me on to a gurney and into the ambulance and them talking about my O2 level being 79 and that would prove to be the last coherent memory I ... Read Full Story

Submit Your StoryView More Stories

Thomas Neavill

On April 7, 2022 I was admitted to the hospital with double pneumonia. (Sepsis and Pneumonia) I was there 10 days and over the next 7 months was admitted 5 more times. Meanwhile I was feeling weaker by the day. From December ‘22 to March ‘23 I lived in an altered state. My mental and physical condition was deteriorating. Finally, on March 25, 2023, I went to the emergency room where I was diagnosed with septic shock and Renal Failure. I spent 5 months in the hospital and 6 months recovering at home. I finally returned to work on February ... Read Full Story

Submit Your StoryView More Stories

George Mellen

I was involved in a fall accident. I suffered 10 broken ribs, fractured scapula, 2 crushed vertebrae, and a grade 5 AC joint separation. None of my injuries caused any broken skin or lacerations. However, 3 days into my hospitalization, I was septic which resulted in kidney failure, endocarditis, on a respirator numerous cases of pneumonia and other infectious diseases. (Sepsis and Kidney Failure, Sepsis and Pneumonia) I was 76 days in the ICU and another 30 days in a rehabilitation hospital. Because of the severity of my situation none of my orthopedic injuries were addressed in that 106 days. ... Read Full Story

Submit Your StoryView More Stories

Other Topics

Pneumonia