Cancer is a term that describes several malignant (dangerous, harmful) diseases that can affect just about every organ and system in the body. Malignant cells, or cancer cells, are abnormal cells that multiply uncontrollably. Unlike normal cells, which stop multiplying and die off as they should, cancer cells continue to multiply and can form tumors and growths. These can then invade adjacent tissues.
Cancerous cells can also break free from a tumor site and enter the bloodstream. Once they are in the bloodstream, the cells can travel to other parts of the body, spreading the disease to other organs. This process is metastasis.
Malignant diseases (cancers) are becoming increasingly survivable in the developing world. But they are still one of the leading causes of death in countries like the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported 1,806,590 new cases of cancer reported in the U.S. in 2020 – the most recent year for which statistics are available.
Death can occur because of the actual tumors, such as when a tumor destroys the liver, or death can occur because of associated conditions, like sepsis. Having cancer and undergoing specific treatments, such as chemotherapy, can weaken the immune system, putting you at higher risk for developing an infection that could lead to sepsis.
Sepsis, which was often called blood poisoning, is the body’s life-threatening response to infection. Like strokes or heart attacks, sepsis is a medical emergency that requires rapid diagnosis and treatment. Neutropenic sepsis refers to sepsis related to chemotherapy and treatments for cancer.
Suggested Citation:
Sepsis Alliance. Sepsis and Cancer. 2023. https://www.sepsis.org/sepsisand/cancer/
Updated December 12, 2023.
People with cancer are particularly susceptible to developing sepsis. Here are some statistics related to sepsis and cancer:
There are several reasons why people with malignancies may be at higher risk of developing sepsis. These include:
Researchers don’t yet know precisely how or why malignancies start, but they know that certain events can trigger them or increase the likelihood of development. Many of these triggers can be related to some lifestyle factors, such as smoking (lung, mouth, and throat cancers) or getting too much sun exposure without skin protection (skin cancer). Others may be inadvertent, such as exposure to carcinogenic (cancer-causing) chemicals.
Signs and symptoms of cancer depend on where the malignancy is. The signs may start as the malignant cells invade the organ or the disease spreads. For example, you may not notice possible signs of colon or bowel cancer until you:
As you can see, the symptoms are similar to what could be for many other illnesses, so doctors may not automatically suspect a malignancy.
Each malignancy is different, and there are many differences among each type of cancer, as well.
The decision of how to treat each particular case rests on the doctor, your test results, and your overall state of health. Some tumors respond better to chemotherapy than radiotherapy; others are the other way around. Some tumors need radiotherapy to shrink them before chemotherapy or before surgery. In yet other cases, surgery is first, followed by treatment.
Several types of cancer, such as colon cancer and skin cancer, have a very high cure rate if detected early. The key is, though, early detection.
You can lower the risk of some types of cancer by making some lifestyle changes. Of course, this is no guarantee that you will never get cancer. But a lower risk is better than a higher one.
Eating healthy foods, exercising, and minimizing stress in your life seem to be the key factors in trying to reduce your risks, as well screening regularly for common cancers. Screening is also essential if you have a family history or previous cancer.
Ask your doctor or healthcare provider what types of screening tests you should have and at what ages.
A couple of hours before my wife Pat passed away in the ICU at her hospital, I said to her “Honey, if you have to go, I will respect your wishes, I want you to do what is best for you.” 2 hours later she passed away peacefully. I do know that she is in a much better place now, free of pain. Pat was allergic to opioid medications, which includes most everything except Tylenol. The pain from sepsis she endured those last 2 weeks must have been excruciating. Pat was a fighter. She fought squamous cell cancer for 11+ ... Read Full Story
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Charles (Chuck) was my husband of 41 years who died from sepsis 3 years ago after a valiant fight with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (Sepsis and Cancer) He was diagnosed with lymphoma and had surgery, chemo, and radiation. He remained in remission for over a year and he used this time to travel. He experienced relapse of lymphoma and started another round of chemo with a goal of stem cell transplant. (Sepsis and Impaired Immune System) After the first treatment, he began having some confusion, fever, and weakness. We went immediately to the ED but it was already too late. He was ... Read Full Story
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My mother had breast cancer however we had been given hope that the medicine she was on would extend her life several more years. Late Aug 2018 she goes to the ER for back pain to learn she has a UTI she is kept in the hospital for several weeks. (Sepsis and Cancer, Sepsis and Urinary Tract Infections) She comes home for a day to then my father calling. My mother is in the floor of their home and he can’t get her up. Call an ambulance, I get there later that evening. I leave out of town to receive ... Read Full Story
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What began as a familiar surgery turned into a nightmare for our entire family. In November 2020, Julianne was diagnosed with a cancerous tumor in her small intestine, which required the Whipple surgery to remove it. It wasn’t the first time the family had learned of this complicated surgery—her husband, Jim, had the same procedure less than three years prior. (Sepsis and Cancer, Sepsis and Surgery) But with a familiar doctor and hospital at hand, Julianne went in for surgery on December 7. While the surgery went well, she did need to receive blood after experiencing a bleed within the ... Read Full Story
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I am a RN and also sepsis coordinator for my hospital. My mother was battling stage 4 ovarian cancer for 2 years when she developed a cough after Halloween. (Sepsis and Cancer) She was receiving chemotherapy and I encouraged her to see a doctor for her cough. A cough to us isn’t much, but can be deadly for someone on chemo. She dismissed me and stated she was ok. A couple days later she feels worse and needs my breathing machine to help her. I, once again, strongly encouraged her to see a doctor or go to the ED. She ... Read Full Story
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Cancer is a term that describes several malignant (dangerous, harmful) diseases that can affect just about every organ and system in the body. Malignant cells, or cancer cells, are abnormal cells that multiply in an uncontrolled fashion. Unlike normal cells, which can stop multiplying and die off as they should, cancer cells continue to multiply and can form tumors and growths. These can then invade adjacent tissues.
